File transfer applications, including e-mail and video, are delay-sensitive. When too many packets are present in (a part of) the subnet, performance degrades. Flow control relates to the point-to-point traffic between a given sender and a given receiver. In _ routing, we send messages to well-defined groups that are numerically large in size but small compared to the network as a whole.Ģ1. In the _ method when a broadcast packet arrives at a router, the router checks to see if the packet arrived on the line that is normally used for sending packets to the source of the broadcast.Ģ0. A _ is a subset of the subnet that includes all the routers but contains no loops.ġ9. Data link layer is split into _ and _ sub-layers.ġ8. Which Component of PPP I used for establishing and configuring different network-layer protocols?ġ7. Which Component of PPP is used for establishing, configuring, and testing the data-link connection?ġ6. Each frame in HDLC consists of three different frames. Each frame in the HDLC frame begins and ends with a _.ġ4. Sending a packet to all destinations simultaneously is called _.ġ3. The IEEE committee created Ten-Gigabit Ethernet and called it as _ Standardġ2. In binary exponential algorithm to accommodate the longest path allowed by Ethernet (common for LAN) the slot time has been set to _ bit times.ġ1. Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA) is a probabilistic protocol.ġ0. The Aloha protocol is an OSI layer 2 protocols for LAN networks with _ topology.ĩ. But it does not have any idea about the internal structure of other regions.Ĩ.

In the _ routing algorithm, each router knows all details about how to route packets to destinations within its own region. This method usually generates a vast number of duplicate packets.ħ. _ is a static algorithm in which every incoming packet is sent out on every outgoing line except the one it arrives on. The set of optimal routes from source to a given destination form a tree rooted at the destination called a _ tree.Ħ.

The _ routing algorithms change their routing decisions to reflect changes in topology and usually the traffic as well.ĥ. Stability is also an important goal for routing algorithms. The _ routing is also referred to as non-adaptive.ģ. The _ layer is the topmost layer in the subnet.Ģ. Data Communication and Networking MCQs with Answers pdf download objective questions and answers for preparation of IT examinations.ġ.

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